Community Medicine High Yield Points (Set 1)
Below are 100 High Yield Points taken from K Park Text book of community Medicine for MCQs Recall.
Father of Medicine/First True Epidemiologist Hippocrates
Father of Public Health Cholera
First Country to Socialise Medicine completely Russia
Health as a “State of complete physical, social and mental WHO
HDI(Human Development Index) comprises Knowledge (Literacy and Mean years of schooling), Income and Longevity (Life Expectancy at Birth)
Life Expectancy is a Mortality Indicator (Positive Health Indicator)
“Epidemiological Triad” comprises of Agent, Host and Environment
Extermination of organism is Eradication
Action taken prior to onset of disease is Primary Prevention
Early Diagnosis and Treatment are Secondary Prevention
Ivory Towers of Disease Large Hospitals
ICD-10 classification is for Diseases
Prevalence is a Proportion (Total=New + Old Cases)
Total no. of deaths/Total no. of cases is Case Fatality Rate
Observed Deaths/Expected Deaths is Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR)
Prevalence/Duration is Incidence
Both exposure and outcome have occurred before study starts in Case Control Study
Cohort Study is Forward Looking/Prospective Study
Matching Removes confounding, Ensures Comparability
Relative Risk is Incidence among Exposed/ Incidence among non-exposed
Framingham Heart Study is a Cohort Study
Heart of a Control Trial is Randomization
Occurrence of a Disease Clearly in excess of normal expectancy Epidemic
Disease imported in a country where it doesn’t occur Exotic
Iatrogenic Disease is Physician-induced
First case to come to notice of investigator Index Case
Pseudo-Carriers are Carriers of avirulent Organisms
Malaria parasite in Mosquito is Cyclo-propagative Transmission
Gap between Primary case and Secondary Case is Serial Interval
Yellow Fever/BCG/Measles are Live Vaccines/ Lyophilised vaccines
First Vaccine to be discovered Smallpox Vaccine (Edward Jenner)
Risk of Cold Chain failure is greatest at Sub-centre and Village level
Quarantine is for Healthy Contacts
Most effective sterilizing agent Autoclaving (Steam under pressure)
Bleaching Powder contains 33% available chlorine
Advantage gained by screening Lead Time
Sensitivity identifies True Positives
Usefulness of a screening test is given by Sensitivity
Small Pox was declared Eradicated on 8 May, 1980
Rash in Chickenpox is Pleomorphic and Dew-drop like
Koplik Spots are diagnostic of Measles (upper 2nd molar)
Incubation Period for Measles is 10-14 days
Strain for Measles Vaccine is Edmonston Zagreb
Strain for Rubella Vaccine RA 27/3
Highly pathogenic Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) is by Type A (H5N1 strain) virus
Hundred Day Cough is Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
DOC for Chemoprophylaxis of Meningococcal Meningitis Rifampicin
Positive Schick Test indicates Susceptible to Diphtheria
Inability to drink is a sign of Very Severe Disease
SARS is caused by Coronavirus
Overall Prevalence of TB infection 30 - 40 %
Sputum Smear +ve at or after 5 months ATT Failure
Only Bacteriostatic drug in Primary ATT Drugs Ethambutol
WHO has recommended ‘DANISH 1331’ strain for BCG Vaccine
DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course Chemotherapy
For every 1 clinical case of Poliomyelitis, there are 1000 subclinical Cases
Polio stool samples are transported in Reverse Cold Chain (+ 2° to + 8° C)
HBeAg is Marker of Infectivity/Viral Replication
ORS Solution should be used within 24 Hours
Enteric Fever includes Typhoid and Para-typhoid Fevers
Chandler’s Index for Hookworms is Av. No. of Eggs/gm of stool
MC arboviral disease is Dengue
Presumptive Treatment in Malaria Chloroquine
Only communicable disease of man that is always fatal Rabies
Main Vector for Yellow Fever is Aedes aegypti
Pigs in Japanese Encephalitis are Amplifier Hosts
Scrub typhus is caused by Rickettsia tsustsugamushi
Sandfly transmits Leishmaniasis (Kala Azar)
Elimination Level for leprosy <1/10,000
MDT for PBL is given for 6 months
Yaws is caused by Treponema pertenue
Slims’ Disease is AIDS
Rule of Halves is seen in Hypertension
MC cause of heart disease in 5-30 yr old is Rheumatic fever
WHO Criteria for diagnosis of RF/RHD are based on Revised Jones Criterea
Pap Smear should be done At beginning of sexual activity and then every 3 yrs
BMI is Weight (Kgs)/Height^2(m2)
Waist Hip Ratio indicates Obesity in Women when > 0.85
WHO Blindness is <3/60 in better eye
MCC of Blindness Cataract
Completed family Size represents TFR (Total Fertility Rate)
2 child norm means NRR=1
Conventional Contraceptives Condoms/Spermicides
Progestasert (3rd gen IUD) releases 65 mcg/day Progesterone
MC complaint of IUD insertion is Bleeding
Only Non-steroidal OCP Centchroman (Saheli)
For sterilization, age of Husband should be < 60 years
Contraceptive Efficacy / failure is measured by Pearl index
3 most important MCH problems Malnutrition, Infection and Unregulated fertility
MC disorder to be screened in neonates Neonatal Hypothyroidism
Low Birth Weight is Birth Weight <2.5 Kg
Most sensitive indicator of growth among children Weight
World’s greatest Public Health Tool is Immunization
Denominator for MMR Live Births
MCC of MMR is Hemorrhage
Juvenile is age < 18 yrs (Boys), <18 yrs (Girls)
Alcohol yields energy of 7 Kcal/gram
Protein requirement 0.83 gm/kg/day
Most important Essential fatty Acid is Linoleic Acid
First Clinical Sign of Xerophthalmia Conjunctival Xerosis
Tocopherols are Vitamin-E
Amino acid converted in body to Niacin Tryptophan